Penggunaan OSASCOM dan Passive Voice

PENGGUNAAN RUMUS OSASCOM

OSASCOM merupakan singkatan dari Opinion (opini), Size (ukuran), Age (umur), Shape (bentuk), Color (warna), Origin (asal), dan Material (bahan).

1.    Opini/opinion

Ini menjelaskan opini kita tentang sesuatu benda. 

2.    Size/ukuran

Ini menjelaskan ukuran dari benda itu.

3.    Age/umur/usia

Ini adalah umur atau usia benda tersebut. 

4.    Shape/bentuk

Ini menjelaskan bentuk benda tersebut. 

5.    Color/warna

Ini menjelaskan warna benda tersebut.

6.    Origin/asal usul

Ini untuk menjelaskna asal ususl bend tersebut.

7.    Material

Ini menjelaskan material atau bahan buatan benda tersebut. 

Perhatikan tabel berikut.

 

PASSIVE VOICE

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice bisa diartikan sebagai kalimat pasif yang membuat subyek kalimat tidak membuat aksi melainkan menjadi penerima aksi. Contohnya, bila dalam kalimat aktif kita membuat kalimat berupa “ibu menggoreng ikan”, maka dalam kalimat pasif kita bisa mengubahnya menjadi kalimat “ikan digoreng ibu”. Hal yang sama juga akan kita lakukan bila membuat passive voice dalam aturan bahasa Inggris.

Untuk membuat passive voice, rumus dasar yang harus kita gunakan adalah

subject + auxiliary verb + verb 3

.

Auxiliary verb yang akan kita gunakan untuk membuat passive voice bisa berupa primary auxiliary verb (is, am, are, were, was, be, been dan being) atau bisa juga berupa kombinasi antara 2 primary (will be, have been dan perpaduan primary lainnya).

Selain harus menggunakan auxiliary verb, passive voice juga hanya bisa dibuat bila kalimatnya menggunakan kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang bisa menggunakan obyek). Contoh kata kerja transitif misalnya membaca, membuang, memasak, membeli dan merobek.

Pola Active Dan Passive Voice Pada Tiap Tensis

1.    Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He meets them everyday.
·                 Passive  : They are met by him everyday.
·                 Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
·                 Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

2.    Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He met them yesterday
·                 Passive  : They were met by him yesterday
·                 Active    : She watered this plant this morning
·                 Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

3.    Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He has met them
·                 Passive  : They have been met by him
·                 Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
·                 Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

4.    Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He had met them before I came.
·                 Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.
·                 Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got

Here

        Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes                when I got here

5.    Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
·                 Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.
·                 Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
·                 Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

6.    Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
·                 Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there

7.    Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He would have met them.
·                 Passive  : They would have been met by him.
·                 Active    : She would have watered this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.

8.    Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He is meeting them now.
·                 Passive  : They are being met by him now.
·                 Active    : She is watering this plant now.
·                 Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

9.    Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : She was watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

10. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He has been meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They have been being met by him.
·                 Active    : She has been watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.

11. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He had been meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They had been being met by him.
·                 Active    : She had been watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.

12. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He will be meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They will be being met by him.
·                 Active    : She will be watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.

13. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He would be meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They would be being met by him.
·                 Active    : She would be watering this plant.
·                 Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.

14. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He will have been meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They will have been being met by him.
·                 Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.

15. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
·                 Active    : He would be meeting them.
·                 Passive  : They would be being met by him.
·                 Active    : She would be watering this plant.
·                 Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:

1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA)